Sub-picometer sensitivity and effect of anisotropic atomic vibrations on Ti <i>L</i>_2,3-edge spectrum of SrTiO₃

The effect of temperature on the electron energy-loss Ti L2,3-edge spectrum SrTiO3 was ascertained using monochromated scanning transmission microscopy. results demonstrate that is sensitive to structural changes involving volume expansion sub-picometer level, and sensitivity superior obtainable conventional Experimental spectra could be accurately reproduced by multiplet calculations incorporated anisotropic atomic vibrations oxygen atoms. This spectral technique represent a powerful tool for investigating infinitesimal at local regions, such as interfaces.